Description:
Rajmala is the chronicles of Tipra dynasty like other source of history. It contains descriptions and legend of the kings of Tripura, origin of the royal family and their reigns etc. Rajmala was first composed during the reign of Dharma Manikya -1 (1431 A.D - 149th King.The royal priest Dhurlabhendra Chantai recited the Rajmala in Tripuri language, which the two Brahmin Pandits name Sukreshwar and Baneshwar of the royal court translated in Bengali. This book written in Bengali verse in the 15th century is considered one of book of ancient Bengali language and literature.
The Rajmala or annals of Tripura were compiled by Brahmins or the Pradhan mantris of the court of Tripura. The Rajmala is a curiosity as presenting us with the oldest specimen of Bengali composition extant. The first part of it having been compiled in the beginning of the 15th century. The subsequent parties were composed at a more recent date.
The first part of Rajmala treats of the traditional period of the Tripura Kings, which mixed up with various mythological accounts; it informs us that the ancient name of Tripura was 'Kirat' from a person of that name of the Lunar or Indo-Scythian race, the brother of Puru, who was banished to the Eastern provinces by his father Yayati, who held the Samrat or Supreme Government of India.
The Rajmala or annals of Tripura were compiled by Brahmins or the Pradhan mantris of the court of Tripura. The Rajmala is a curiosity as presenting us with the oldest specimen of Bengali composition extant. The first part of it having been compiled in the beginning of the 15th century. The subsequent parties were composed at a more recent date.
The first part of Rajmala treats of the traditional period of the Tripura Kings, which mixed up with various mythological accounts; it informs us that the ancient name of Tripura was 'Kirat' from a person of that name of the Lunar or Indo-Scythian race, the brother of Puru, who was banished to the Eastern provinces by his father Yayati, who held the Samrat or Supreme Government of India.
Origin of Tripura name:
Several theories exist pertaining to the origin of Tripura's name:
The origin of the word Tripura is attributed to the legendary tyrant king of Tripura, Tripur. According to legend, Tripur was the 39th descendant of Druhya, who was a descendant of Yayati, one of the lunar race kings. He was so powerful that he ordered his subjects to worship him as the sole God. People fled to escape his tyranny to the nearby state of Hiramba (Cachar).
The word Tripura may have originated from Tripura Sundari: the presiding deity of the land which is famous as one of the 51 Shakti Peethas, pilgrimage centres of Shakti worshippers of Hinduism.[5]
According to historian Kailash Chandra Singha, the word Tripura is a derivative from two different Kokborok words twi and pra. Twi means water, pra means near. It is likely that the state bears the name Tripura from this fact that in ancient time the boundaries of Tripura extended up to the Bay of Bengal when its ruler held sway from the Garo Hills to the Arakan.
According to another school of thought the name Tripura was probably given to the state in honour of the temple at Udaipur, Tripureshwari, the wife of lord Shiva.
The origin of the word Tripura is attributed to the legendary tyrant king of Tripura, Tripur. According to legend, Tripur was the 39th descendant of Druhya, who was a descendant of Yayati, one of the lunar race kings. He was so powerful that he ordered his subjects to worship him as the sole God. People fled to escape his tyranny to the nearby state of Hiramba (Cachar).
The word Tripura may have originated from Tripura Sundari: the presiding deity of the land which is famous as one of the 51 Shakti Peethas, pilgrimage centres of Shakti worshippers of Hinduism.[5]
According to historian Kailash Chandra Singha, the word Tripura is a derivative from two different Kokborok words twi and pra. Twi means water, pra means near. It is likely that the state bears the name Tripura from this fact that in ancient time the boundaries of Tripura extended up to the Bay of Bengal when its ruler held sway from the Garo Hills to the Arakan.
According to another school of thought the name Tripura was probably given to the state in honour of the temple at Udaipur, Tripureshwari, the wife of lord Shiva.
History:
Tripura finds mentions in the Mahabharata, the Puranas and pillar inscriptions of Emperor Ashoka. Tripura has a long historic past, its unique tribal culture and a fascinating folklore.In the distant past Tripura was known as Kirat Desh. There are references of Tripura in the Mahabharat and the Puranas. Tripura, the descendent of King Druya and Bhabru, contemporary of Yudhisthira, was the ruler on whose name Tripura is named. One more explanation says that the territory is named after the temple of Tripuri Sundari, located at Radhakrishnapur.
Tripura was a princely state. The Tripuri Kings (Habugra) held the title of Manikya and ruled Tripura for 3000 years until its merger. Udaipur, in South Tripura district, was the capital of the Kingdom. The capital was shifted to Old Agartala by King Krishna Manikya in the eighteenth century, and then to the present Agartala in the 19th Century. The 19th century marked the beginning of Tripura's modern era, when King Bir Chandra Manikya Bahadur Debbarma modeled his administration on the pattern of British India and enacted various reforms.
The Ganamukti Parishad movement led to the integration of the kingdom with India in 1949 within Assam state. Tripura was heavily affected by the partition of India and the majority of the population now comprises Hindu Bengalis, many of whom came as refugees from East Pakistan after independence in 1947. Tripura became a centrally administered Union Territory on July 1, 1963 and attained the status of a full-fledged state on January 21, 1972.
Armed conflict in Tripura has been a problem since the end of the 1970s as an aftermath of Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. Mass migration of Bengalis from Bangladesh during this time has resulted in wide-spread insurgency and militancy in the state with groups such as the Tripura National Volunteers, the National Liberation Front of Tripura and the All Tripura Tiger Force aiming to drive away the Bengali people. This is the Tripura Rebellion.
Tripura finds mentions in the Mahabharata, the Puranas and pillar inscriptions of Emperor Ashoka. Tripura has a long historic past, its unique tribal culture and a fascinating folklore.In the distant past Tripura was known as Kirat Desh. There are references of Tripura in the Mahabharat and the Puranas. Tripura, the descendent of King Druya and Bhabru, contemporary of Yudhisthira, was the ruler on whose name Tripura is named. One more explanation says that the territory is named after the temple of Tripuri Sundari, located at Radhakrishnapur.
Tripura was a princely state. The Tripuri Kings (Habugra) held the title of Manikya and ruled Tripura for 3000 years until its merger. Udaipur, in South Tripura district, was the capital of the Kingdom. The capital was shifted to Old Agartala by King Krishna Manikya in the eighteenth century, and then to the present Agartala in the 19th Century. The 19th century marked the beginning of Tripura's modern era, when King Bir Chandra Manikya Bahadur Debbarma modeled his administration on the pattern of British India and enacted various reforms.
The Ganamukti Parishad movement led to the integration of the kingdom with India in 1949 within Assam state. Tripura was heavily affected by the partition of India and the majority of the population now comprises Hindu Bengalis, many of whom came as refugees from East Pakistan after independence in 1947. Tripura became a centrally administered Union Territory on July 1, 1963 and attained the status of a full-fledged state on January 21, 1972.
Armed conflict in Tripura has been a problem since the end of the 1970s as an aftermath of Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. Mass migration of Bengalis from Bangladesh during this time has resulted in wide-spread insurgency and militancy in the state with groups such as the Tripura National Volunteers, the National Liberation Front of Tripura and the All Tripura Tiger Force aiming to drive away the Bengali people. This is the Tripura Rebellion.
Before first Century B.C:
Scientists have pointed out that the Bodo-Kachari group of people migrated from South China via Tibet to present areas of North-East India and Bangladesh well before the 1st century B.C when Buddhism was formally introduced to China because the Bodo-Kachari people show no trace of Buddhism.The Bodo-Kachari people gradually settled into the present areas and formed the communities of the Bodo, Kachari, Garo, Tipra, Dimasa, Koch peoples. They formed their respective powerful Kingdoms such as the:1.Kachari Kingdom in Assam2.Koch Kingdom in West Bengal3.Twipra Kingdom in East Bengal4.The Bodo-Kachari people basically stayed around the Brahmaputra river (which they called the 'Big River', Dima/Twima) and around its tributaries.These communities were well-established in these lands long time before the Aryan settlement of Bengal and Assam.
After 1st Century B.C:
The Tipra Kingdom was established around the confluence of the Brahmaputra river (Twima) with the Meghna and Surma rivers in today's Central Bangladesh area. The capital was called Khorongma (Kholongma) and was along the Meghna river in the Sylhet Division of present-day Bangladesh.
The Kings of the Tripura had the title of father, justifying the Tripuri view of a King as a Father of the Country.
The Kings of the Tipra had the title of 'FA' (Pha means 'Father' in Kokborok) justifying the Chinese-Confucian view of a King as a Father of the Country.
The Kings of the Tripura had the title of father, justifying the Tripuri view of a King as a Father of the Country.
The Kings of the Tipra had the title of 'FA' (Pha means 'Father' in Kokborok) justifying the Chinese-Confucian view of a King as a Father of the Country.
Geography and climate:
Tripura is a landlocked hilly state in northeastern India with altitudes varying from 15 to 940 m above sea level, though the majority of the population lives in the plains. Tripura has a tropical climate and receives rainfall during the monsoons. It is surrounded on the north, west, and south by Bangladesh and is accessible to the rest of India through the Karimganj district of Assam and Aizawl district of Mizoram in the east. The state extends between 22°56'N and 24°32'N and 90°09'E and 92°10'E. Its maximum stretch measures about 184 km from north to south and 113 km from east to west with an area of 10,491.69 km². Tripura is the third smallest state of the country.
Although landlocked, Tripura has many rivers including the Manu River which originates here
Although landlocked, Tripura has many rivers including the Manu River which originates here
Tring Caledar:
According to Rajmala, King Himti also known as Jujaru Pha or Hamtor Pha, who was the 118the king of Twipra Kingdom was the first king to annex and subjugate a part of Bengal and to commemorate/mark the victory, the Tring (Twipra Era) was introduced. His then capital was in 'Kholongma'. To mark his victory the Twipra Era known as Tring was started from 590 A.D and is being used till today by the Tipra people.
The Kings Of Tripura Kigdom:
The Royal history of the Tripura Kingdom had the list of 186 Kings. The first King of the Chronicle is Druhya, one of the sons of Yayati, a Lunar dynasty in mythology. World history has seen very few such chronological lists of Kings until modern times. It is supposed to be the second longest dynasty from a single line in the world today.
The present one is Maharaja Pradyot Bikram Kishore Manikya Debbarma.
The Kings of Tripura:- 1 to 50
1. Chandra 26. Basuman
2. Budh 27. Keerti
3. Pururoba - I 28. Kaniyan
4. Ayu 29. Pratishraba
5. Nahush 30. Pratishtho
6. Yayati 31. Shakrajit (Shatrujit)
7. Druhya 32. Pratirddan
8. Babhru 33. Pramath
9. Setu 34. Kalinda
10. Anarta 35. Kromo (Krath)
11. Gandhar 36. Mitrari
12. Dharmma (Gharma) 37. Baribarha
13. Dhrita (Ghrita) 38. Karmuk
14. Durmad 39. Kalang (Kalinga)
15. Pracheta 40. Bhishan
16. Parachi(Shata Dharma) 41. Bhanumitra
17. Parabasu 42. Chitrasen (Agha Chitrasen)
18. Parishad 43. Chitrarath
19. Arijit 44. Chitrayudh
20. Sujit 45. Daitya
21. Pururoba - II 46. Tripur
22. Bibarn 47. Subrai (Trilochan)
23. Puru Sen 48. Dakshin
24. Megh Barna 49. Twidakshin
25. Bikarna 50. Sudakshin
The present one is Maharaja Pradyot Bikram Kishore Manikya Debbarma.
The Kings of Tripura:- 1 to 50
1. Chandra 26. Basuman
2. Budh 27. Keerti
3. Pururoba - I 28. Kaniyan
4. Ayu 29. Pratishraba
5. Nahush 30. Pratishtho
6. Yayati 31. Shakrajit (Shatrujit)
7. Druhya 32. Pratirddan
8. Babhru 33. Pramath
9. Setu 34. Kalinda
10. Anarta 35. Kromo (Krath)
11. Gandhar 36. Mitrari
12. Dharmma (Gharma) 37. Baribarha
13. Dhrita (Ghrita) 38. Karmuk
14. Durmad 39. Kalang (Kalinga)
15. Pracheta 40. Bhishan
16. Parachi(Shata Dharma) 41. Bhanumitra
17. Parabasu 42. Chitrasen (Agha Chitrasen)
18. Parishad 43. Chitrarath
19. Arijit 44. Chitrayudh
20. Sujit 45. Daitya
21. Pururoba - II 46. Tripur
22. Bibarn 47. Subrai (Trilochan)
23. Puru Sen 48. Dakshin
24. Megh Barna 49. Twidakshin
25. Bikarna 50. Sudakshin
Kings of Tripura:- 51 to 100
51. Tardakshin 76. Muchung Fa (Harihar)
52. Dharmataru (Dharmatar) 77. Maichung Fa (Chandrashekhar)
53. Dharmapal 78. Chandraraj (Tabhuraj or Tarurai)
54. Sadharma (Sudharma) 79. Tarfanai (Tripaly)
55. Tarbong 80. Sumanta
56. Debang 81. Roopabanat (Shretha)
57. Narangita 82. Tarham (Tarhom)
58. Dharmangad 83. Kha Ham (Hariraj)
59. Rukmangad 84. Kotor Fa (Kashiraj)
60. Somangad 85. Kalator Fa (Madhob)
61. Nojugrai (Nogjog) 86. Chandra Fa (Chandraraj)
62. Torjung 87. Gajeshwar
63. Tor Raj (Rajdharma) 88. Beerraj - II
64. Hamraj 89. Nageshwar (Nagpati)
65. Birraj 90. Sikhiraj (Siksharaj)
66. Shriraj 91. Debraj
67. Shriman (Shrimanta) 92. Dhusrang (Durasha or Dhara Ishwar)
68. Lakshmitaru 93. Barkeerti (Birraj or Biraj)
69. Tarlakshmi (Roopban) 94. Sagar Fa
70. Mailakshmi (Lakshmiban) 95. Maloy Chandra
71. Nageshwar 96. Surjyarai (Surjya Narayan)
72. Jogeshwar 97. Achong Fanai (Indra Keerti or Uttang Fani)
73. Ishwar Fa (Neeldhwaj) 98. Beer Singha (Charachar)
74. Rangkhai (Basuraj) 99. Hachung Fa (Achang Fa or Surendra)
75. Dhanraj Fa 100. Bimar
Kings of Tripura:- 101 to 150
101. Kumar 126. Mukunda Fa (Kunda Fa)
102. Sukumar 127. Kamal Rai
103. Twisarao (Beerchandra or Toksarao) 128. Krishnadas
104. Rajyeshwar (Rajeshwar) 129. Jash Fa (Jashoraj)
105. Nageshwar (Misliraj or Krodheshwar) 130. Muchung Fa (Udwab)
106. Twisong Fa (Tejong Fa 131. Sadhu Rai
107. Narendra 132. Pratap Rai
108. Indrakeerti 133. Vishnuprasad
109. Biman (Paimaraj) 134. Baneshwar (Baneeshwar)
110. Yashoraj 135. Beerbahu
111. Gandhar 136. Samrat
112. Gangaraj (Rajganga) 137. Champakeshwar (Champa)
113. Sukurai (Chitrasen or Chhakru Rai) 138. Meghraj (Megh)
114. Pratit 139. Sengkwchak (Dharmadhar)
115. Misli (Marichi, Malsi or Marusom) 140. Sengthum Fa (Kirtidhar, Singhatung Fa)
116. Gagan (Kathuk) 141. Achong Fa (Rajsurjya, Kunjaham Fa)
117. Keerjit (Noaraj or Nabrai) 142. Khichung Fa (Mohon)
118. Hamtor Fa(Jujaru Fa or Himti or Birraj) 143. Dangar Fa (Harirai)
119. Jangi Fa (Rajendra or Janak Fa) 144. Raja Fa
120. Partha (Debrai or Debraj) 145. Ratna Fa (Ratna Manikya)
121. Sebrai 146. Pratap Manikya - I
122. Durgur Fa (Dankuru Fa, Harirai, Kirit, Adhidharma Fa) 147. Mukut Manikya (Mukunda)
123. Kharung Fa (Kurung Fa, Ramchandra) 148. Maha Manikya
124. Sengfanai (Nrisingha, Singhafani) 149. Dharma Manikya - I
125. Lalit Rai 150. Pratap Manikya - II
Kings of Tripura:- 151 to 184
151. Dhanya Manikya 168. Mahendra Manikya
152. Dhwaj Manikya 169. Dharma Manikya - II
153. Deb Manikya 170. Mukunda Manikya
154. Indra Manikya - I 171. Jai Manikya
155. Vijay Manikya - I 172. Indra Manikya - II
156. Ananta Manikya 173. Vijay Manikya - II
157. Udai Manikya 174. Krishna Manikya
158. Jai Manikya (Loktor Fa) 175. Rajdhar Manikya
159. Amar Manikya 176. Ramgana Manikya
160. Rajdhar Manikya 177. Durga Manikya
161. Jashodhar Manikya 178. Kashi Chandra Manikya
162. Kalyan Manikya 179. Krishna Kishore Manikya
163. Gobinda Manikya 180. Ishan Chandra Manikya
164. Chhatra Manikya (Nakhshatra Rai) 181. Bir Chandra Manikya
165. Ramdev Manikya 182. Radha Kishore Manikya
166. Ratna Manikya - II 183. Birendra Kishore Manikya
167. Narendra Manikya 184. Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya
185. Kirit Bikram Kishore Manikya 186. Pradyot Bikram Kishore Manikya
51. Tardakshin 76. Muchung Fa (Harihar)
52. Dharmataru (Dharmatar) 77. Maichung Fa (Chandrashekhar)
53. Dharmapal 78. Chandraraj (Tabhuraj or Tarurai)
54. Sadharma (Sudharma) 79. Tarfanai (Tripaly)
55. Tarbong 80. Sumanta
56. Debang 81. Roopabanat (Shretha)
57. Narangita 82. Tarham (Tarhom)
58. Dharmangad 83. Kha Ham (Hariraj)
59. Rukmangad 84. Kotor Fa (Kashiraj)
60. Somangad 85. Kalator Fa (Madhob)
61. Nojugrai (Nogjog) 86. Chandra Fa (Chandraraj)
62. Torjung 87. Gajeshwar
63. Tor Raj (Rajdharma) 88. Beerraj - II
64. Hamraj 89. Nageshwar (Nagpati)
65. Birraj 90. Sikhiraj (Siksharaj)
66. Shriraj 91. Debraj
67. Shriman (Shrimanta) 92. Dhusrang (Durasha or Dhara Ishwar)
68. Lakshmitaru 93. Barkeerti (Birraj or Biraj)
69. Tarlakshmi (Roopban) 94. Sagar Fa
70. Mailakshmi (Lakshmiban) 95. Maloy Chandra
71. Nageshwar 96. Surjyarai (Surjya Narayan)
72. Jogeshwar 97. Achong Fanai (Indra Keerti or Uttang Fani)
73. Ishwar Fa (Neeldhwaj) 98. Beer Singha (Charachar)
74. Rangkhai (Basuraj) 99. Hachung Fa (Achang Fa or Surendra)
75. Dhanraj Fa 100. Bimar
Kings of Tripura:- 101 to 150
101. Kumar 126. Mukunda Fa (Kunda Fa)
102. Sukumar 127. Kamal Rai
103. Twisarao (Beerchandra or Toksarao) 128. Krishnadas
104. Rajyeshwar (Rajeshwar) 129. Jash Fa (Jashoraj)
105. Nageshwar (Misliraj or Krodheshwar) 130. Muchung Fa (Udwab)
106. Twisong Fa (Tejong Fa 131. Sadhu Rai
107. Narendra 132. Pratap Rai
108. Indrakeerti 133. Vishnuprasad
109. Biman (Paimaraj) 134. Baneshwar (Baneeshwar)
110. Yashoraj 135. Beerbahu
111. Gandhar 136. Samrat
112. Gangaraj (Rajganga) 137. Champakeshwar (Champa)
113. Sukurai (Chitrasen or Chhakru Rai) 138. Meghraj (Megh)
114. Pratit 139. Sengkwchak (Dharmadhar)
115. Misli (Marichi, Malsi or Marusom) 140. Sengthum Fa (Kirtidhar, Singhatung Fa)
116. Gagan (Kathuk) 141. Achong Fa (Rajsurjya, Kunjaham Fa)
117. Keerjit (Noaraj or Nabrai) 142. Khichung Fa (Mohon)
118. Hamtor Fa(Jujaru Fa or Himti or Birraj) 143. Dangar Fa (Harirai)
119. Jangi Fa (Rajendra or Janak Fa) 144. Raja Fa
120. Partha (Debrai or Debraj) 145. Ratna Fa (Ratna Manikya)
121. Sebrai 146. Pratap Manikya - I
122. Durgur Fa (Dankuru Fa, Harirai, Kirit, Adhidharma Fa) 147. Mukut Manikya (Mukunda)
123. Kharung Fa (Kurung Fa, Ramchandra) 148. Maha Manikya
124. Sengfanai (Nrisingha, Singhafani) 149. Dharma Manikya - I
125. Lalit Rai 150. Pratap Manikya - II
Kings of Tripura:- 151 to 184
151. Dhanya Manikya 168. Mahendra Manikya
152. Dhwaj Manikya 169. Dharma Manikya - II
153. Deb Manikya 170. Mukunda Manikya
154. Indra Manikya - I 171. Jai Manikya
155. Vijay Manikya - I 172. Indra Manikya - II
156. Ananta Manikya 173. Vijay Manikya - II
157. Udai Manikya 174. Krishna Manikya
158. Jai Manikya (Loktor Fa) 175. Rajdhar Manikya
159. Amar Manikya 176. Ramgana Manikya
160. Rajdhar Manikya 177. Durga Manikya
161. Jashodhar Manikya 178. Kashi Chandra Manikya
162. Kalyan Manikya 179. Krishna Kishore Manikya
163. Gobinda Manikya 180. Ishan Chandra Manikya
164. Chhatra Manikya (Nakhshatra Rai) 181. Bir Chandra Manikya
165. Ramdev Manikya 182. Radha Kishore Manikya
166. Ratna Manikya - II 183. Birendra Kishore Manikya
167. Narendra Manikya 184. Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya
185. Kirit Bikram Kishore Manikya 186. Pradyot Bikram Kishore Manikya
